What phenomenon occurs when water builds up between the road surface and vehicle tires?

The correct choice is hydroplaning, a phenomenon that occurs when a layer of water builds up between the tires of a vehicle and the road surface. This situation results in a significant loss of traction, as the tires are unable to make contact with the road effectively. When hydroplaning occurs, the vehicle may slide uncontrollably because the driver loses the ability to steer, brake, or accelerate properly.

Hydroplaning is particularly common in rainy conditions, especially when the water on the road is deep enough to create a barrier. Factors contributing to hydroplaning include the speed of the vehicle, the depth of water on the surface, and the condition of the tires. Proper tire maintenance, such as ensuring adequate tread depth, can help reduce the risk of hydroplaning.

Understanding this concept is crucial for safe driving, as it emphasizes the importance of driving at appropriate speeds and being cautious in wet conditions. This ensures that drivers maintain control of their vehicles and can avoid potentially dangerous situations caused by reduced traction.